Resposta de mudas de goiabeira à aplicação de zinco

O subsolo, normalmente utilizado para produção de mudas de frutíferas, apresenta baixa concentração de zinco e, assim, existe grande probabilidade de resposta à aplicação deste micronutriente. Considerando a falta de informações sobre o assunto, procurou-se avaliar o efeito da aplicação de zinco ao substrato de produção das mudas de goiabeira e acompanhar os efeitos no desenvolvimento, na produção de matéria seca e no estado nutricional das plantas. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. As doses de zinco, na forma de sulfato de zinco, foram: 0; 2; 4; 6 e 8 mg dm-3 de Zn. No plantio, as mudas receberam doses de N, P, K e B de 300; 100; 150 e 0,5 mg dm-3, respectivamente. O experimento foi conduzido em viveiro telado, em vasos com 2,8 dm³ de substrato de um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo. Após 135 dias do plantio, avaliaram-se: a altura, a área foliar e a matéria seca da parte aérea e das raízes, bem como os teores de macronutrientes e de Zn. As mudas de goiabeira responderam positivamente à aplicação de zinco. O maior desenvolvimento das mudas esteve associado à dose de 2 mg dm-3 de Zn. Doses iguais ou superiores a 4 mg dm-3 causaram redução significativa no desenvolvimento e no acúmulo de macronutrientes nas mudas de goiabeira.

Efeitos da aplicação de zinco no desenvolvimento, no estado nutricional e na produção de matéria seca de mudas de maracujazeiro

Sabe-se que os solos das regiões tropicais, devido ao intemperismo, apresentam baixas concentrações de micronutrientes, especialmente zinco. Desse modo, objetivou-se avaliar a aplicação de zinco ao substrato de produção de mudas de maracujazeiro, acompanhando seus efeitos no desenvolvimento, no estado nutricional e na produção de matéria seca das plantas. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. As doses de zinco, na forma de sulfato de zinco, foram: 0; 2; 4; 6 e 8 mg de Zn dm-3 de solo. As mudas receberam doses de N, P, K e B de 300; 450; 150 e 0,5 mg dm-3, respectivamente, sendo o N e o K parcelados em três vezes (15; 30 e 45 dias após a semeadura). O experimento foi conduzido em condições de casa de vegetação, em vasos com 2 dm³ de substrato de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico. Após 70 dias do plantio, avaliaram-se: o diâmetro do caule, a altura, a área foliar e a matéria seca da parte aérea e das raízes, bem como os teores de macro e micronutrientes. As mudas de maracujazeiro responderam positivamente à aplicação de zinco. O maior desenvolvimento das mudas esteve associado à dose de 5 mg de Zn dm-3.

Nitrogênio e potássio via fertirrigação e adubação convencional-estado nutricional das bananeiras e produção de frutos

Realizou-se um experimento em Pindorama (SP) com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da fertirrigação e da adubação convencional com N e K, em bananeiras, durante dois ciclos de produção. Foram avaliados crescimento, estado nutricional e produção de frutos. A adubação causou redução do ciclo de produção. Os teores foliares de N e K foram influenciados pela adubação convencional e pela fertirrigação. Nos dois ciclos de cultivo, a produção de frutos variou em função dos tratamentos. A produção de frutos (t ha¹ ano¹) obtida com a aplicação de 80% da dose de N e de K via fertirrigação foi equivalente àquela com 100% da dose via adubação convencional.

Excessive iodine intake in schoolchildren

Inadequate iodine intake may result in iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Thus, for more than 50 years, policies for the regulation of salt fortification with iodine have existed in Brazil. In 2003, a study on 6-14-year-old schoolchildren from regions of the state of So Paulo showed a median urinary iodine concentration of 360 mu g/L. The objective of the present study was to assess the iodine nutrition status among schoolchildren.The study was conducted on 828 schoolchildren aged 4-13 years from eight schools in the interior of the state of So Paulo. A casual urine sample was collected from each volunteer for iodine determination by the adapted method of Sandell-Kalthoff.Only 1.9% (n = 16) of the children evaluated had low values of urinary iodine (< 100 mu g/L), while 24.6% had urinary iodine excretion values between 200 and 300 mu g/L, and 67.1% had values above > 300 mu g/L.The results show that the iodine nutritional status of the schoolchildren studied is characterized by a high urinary iodine excretion, which might reveal an increase in iodine consumption by this population.

Comparação entre doses constantes e decrescentes de extrato de pituitária eqüina na indução de superovulacão em éguas

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

Soil-liming effects on the development and nutritional status of the carambola tree and its fruit-yielding capacity

Soil acidity is one of the most important factors limiting agricultural production in the tropics. For this reason, the objective of this research work was to evaluate the effects of soil liming on the performance of carambola (Averrhoa carambola) trees. The experiment took place at the Citrus Experimental Station in Bebedouro, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The soil was a Typic Haplustox (V = 26% at the 0- to 20-cm layer) between August 1999 and July 2003. The following doses of limestone were employed: 0, 1.85, 3.71, 5.56, and 7.41 t ha(-1). During 40 months after the experiment was set up, soil chemical attributes were periodically examined. For a period of 2 years, the trees had their leaves analyzed for micro-and macronutrients; their trunk diameter, height, and crown volume measured; and the production of fruits determined. Liming improved in evaluated chemical attributes of the soil: pH, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), BS, V, and hydrogen and aluminium (H + At) from the upper 60 cm of soil when the samples were taken from both the line and between the lines of plants. In the leaves, the levels of Ca and Mg also increased. The highest fruit yields were observed when soil base saturations reached 45% on the lines and 50% between the lines, as well as when foliar levels of 8.0 g of Ca and 4.7 a of Mg per kilogram of leaves were attained.

Nutrition, dry matter accumulation and partitioning and phosphorus use efficiency of potato grown at different phosphorus levels in nutrient solution

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

MONITORING NITROGEN NUTRITION IN COTTON

Both N excess and deficiency may affect cotton yield and quality. It would therefore be useful to base the N management fertilization on the monitoring of the nutritional status. This study investigated the correlations among the following determination methods of the N nutritional status of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L., var. Latifolia): chlorophyll readings (SPAD-502 (R), Minolta), specific-ion nitrate meter (Nitrate Meter C-141, Horiba-Cardy (R)), and laboratory analysis (conventional foliar diagnosis). Samples were taken weekly from two weeks before flowering to the fifth week after the first flower. The experiment was conducted on the Fazenda Santa Tereza, Itapeva, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The crop was fertilized with 40 kg ha(-1) N at planting and 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg ha(-1) of side-dressed N. The range of leaf N contents reported as adequate for samples taken 80-90 days after plant emergence (traditional foliar diagnosis) may be used as reference from the beginning of flowering when the plant is not stressed. Specific-ion nitrate meter readings can be used as a nutritional indicator of cotton nutrition from one week after pinhead until the third week of flowering. In this case, plants are well-nourished when readings exceed 8,000 mg L(-1) NO(3)(-). The chlorophyll meter can also be used to estimate the nutritional status of cotton from the third week of flowering. In this case the readings should be above 48 in well-nourished plants.

Nutrition-related habits and associated factors of Brazilian adolescents

To investigate the nutrition-related habits (NRH) of Brazilian adolescents and evaluate the associations with risk factors.Cross-sectional school-based was carried out among high school adolescents aged 14-18 years (n = 1,759) from public and private schools from two cities. The NRH were investigated by the weekly consumption of vegetables, fruit, sweet food and fried food. Risk factors investigated were: city, sex, age, socioeconomic status and nutritional status. In statistics, Poisson regression was used with robust variance adjustment.Data indicated low consumption of fruits and vegetables, 70.0 and 71.0%, respectively, and high consumption of sweets and fried food, 66.7 and 63%, respectively. Boys showed risk of inadequate intake of vegetables [prevalence ratios (PR) 1.10, 95% CI 1.01-1.16] and fruit (PR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.16). Furthermore, adolescents who live in Maringa had greater likelihood of consuming vegetables and fruit (20 and 25%, respectively). However, they presented risk of inadequate consumption of sweets (PR 1.19, 95% CI 1.11-1.28) for adolescents who live in Presidente Prudente.We concluded that inadequate NRH show high prevalence among adolescents and indicate the need to employ educational strategies that promote the adoption of more healthy habits and behaviors.

The possible role of selenium status in adverse pregnancy outcomes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Effect of aerobic training status on both maximal lactate steady state and critical power

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Protein-energy status and 15N-glycine kinetic study of child a cirrhotic patients fed low- to high-protein energy diets

In five male cirrhotic patients (Child A) and in four age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects, whole-body protein turnover was measured using a single oral dose of N-15-glycine as a tracer and urinary ammonia as end product. Subjects were studied in the fasting and feeding state, with different levels of protein and energy intake. The patients were underweight and presented lower plasma transthyretin and retinol-binding protein levels. When compared with controls, the kinetic studies showed patients to be hypometabolic in the fasting (Do) state and with the control diet [D-1 = (0.85 g of protein/154 kJ). kg(-1). day(-1)]. However, when corrected by body weight, the kinetic differences between groups disappeared, whereas the N-retention in the feeding state showed better results for the patients due mainly to their efficient breakdown decrease. When fed high-level protein or energy diets [D-2 = (0.9 g protein/195 kJ) and D-3 = (1.56 g protein/158 kJ). kg(-1). day(-1)], the patients showed D-0 = D-1 = D-2 < D-3 for N-flux and (D-0 = D-1) < D-3 (D-2 is intermediary) for protein synthesis. Thus, the present data suggest that the remaining mass of the undernourished mild cirrhotic patients has fairly good protein synthesis activity and also that protein, rather than energy intake, would be the limiting factor for increasing their whole-body protein synthesis.

Serum Vitamins in Adult Patients With Short Bowel Syndrome Receiving Intermittent Parenteral Nutrition

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)